|
Attic numerals were used by the ancient Greeks, possibly from the 7th century BC. They were also known as Herodianic numerals because they were first described in a 2nd-century manuscript by Herodian. They are also known as acrophonic numerals because the symbols derive from the first letters of the words that the symbols represent: ''five'', ''ten'', ''hundred'', ''thousand'' and ''ten thousand''. See Greek numerals and acrophony. The use of Η for 100 reflects the early date of this numbering system: Η (Eta) in the early Attic alphabet represented the sound /h/. In later, "classical" Greek, with the adoption of the Ionic alphabet throughout the majority of Greece, the letter eta had come to represent the long e sound while the rough aspiration was no longer marked.〔Woodhead, A. G. (1981). ''The Study of Greek Inscriptions''. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-521-23188-4.〕〔Smyth, Herbert Weir; Messing, Gordon M. (2002) (). ''Greek Grammar''. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 10 (§14). ISBN 0-674-36250-0.〕 It wasn't until Aristophanes of Byzantium introduced the various accent markings during the Hellenistic period that the spiritus asper began to represent /h/. Thus the word for a hundred would originally have been written ΗΕΚΑΤΟΝ, as compared to the now more familiar spelling . In modern Greek, the /h/ phoneme has disappeared altogether, but this has had no effect on the basic spelling. Unlike the more familiar Modern Roman numeral system, the Attic system contains only additive forms. Thus, the number 4 is written ΙΙΙΙ, not ΙΠ. The numerals representing 50, 500, and 5,000 were composites of pi (often in an old form, with a short right leg) and a tiny version of the applicable power of ten. For example, x16px is five times one thousand. :: Example: 1982 = Χx16pxΗΗΗΗ . x16pxΔΔΔΙΙ = MCM . LXXXII. Specific numeral symbols were used to represent one drachma,〔Unicode character U+10142: 𐅂〕 to represent talents〔Unicode characters U+10148 to U+1014E〕 and staters,〔Unicode characters U+1014F to U+10156〕 to represent ten mnas〔Unicode character U+10157: 𐅗〕 and to represent one half〔Unicode character U+10141: 𐅁〕 and one quarter.〔Unicode character U+10140: 𐅀〕 == See also == * Attic numerals in Unicode * Etruscan numerals 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Attic numerals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
